The circuitboard provides different settings for different voltages. It’s logically be (re)placing some SMD jumpers(s).
I would advise to let it be done by someone with electronic skills.
Have you tried to enter the BIOS and look whether the harddrive is chosen as first bootable drive? It might be the CMOS backup battery which fails and therefore settings are lost.
The newer version of foam has been improved compared with to the previous one. The foam sits tight around the bass pipe to prevent audible resonance at lower frequencies.
The V-shape sits on top of the other parts and provides a “chamber” for the drivers.
Looking at the picture, it is for sure that the T2/standby/small audio transformer has been replaced. On ebay they sell the wrong version. But I would start by measuring the voltages after T2 and it’s rectifier circuit.
Just curious, Is it going to be a mono or left/right speaker? Most Bluetooth modules are stereo (which can be made mono), but when you aim for a stereo setup, how would that work? One module inside and linking to another?