Just out of curiosity measured voltage across left and right channel speaker output - both at 45v dc !?
For what it's worth, I think you cleaned up your soldering or desoldering mishap(s) quite nicely!
What you did forget in your reactivation attempt was measuring, measuring, measuring! Once you noticed that you couldn't adjust the no-load current, the ONLY logical thing to do would have been to compare the nominal voltages that are given in the circuit diagram with the actual voltages of all those points!
The results would have given a clear indication for what to do next - if not for you then certainly for some members on this forum.
Based on your description so far, I'm suspecting that you have a ground problem on that board. You measured 45V from speaker output (before the output cap C108, I hope!?) to GND and that suggests that some tracks that should be GND are floating (ie. not really connected to power GND). The fact that the board behaves so differently when the preamp is connected supports this, because now some parts of the board are suddenly connected to GND via the preamp.
All of this is fixable, but it needs a systematic approach that starts with measuring and then making sense of that measurement. Trial and error component swapping alone doesn't cut it. A power supply with adjustable output current would be a great help, but well, life is not always fair. There are other ways to limit the current.
Anyways, it may be a good idea to take a rest from this project for a while. You'll probably not be able to find the problem quickly, but now you're too eager to get it working, it seems - and that leads to "shortcuts" and mistakes in the repair process.
But don't throw the board out just yet! Putting in another different output amp is not gonna be plug-and-play either.
rgds,
manfy